We are proud to introduce Fergus, our ambassador at Anglia Ruskin University involved in research and raising Altitude Awareness for Para-Monte.

Fergus has undertaken two trips this summer for the ARU research programmes in collaberation with Dr Ash Wilmott as well as Dr Neil Maxwell at UoB.

Please read his amazing blog:

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Para-Monte ambassador Fergus Cowley, recently travelled to Peru where he spent 4 weeks at high-altitude, representing Para-Monte and furthering his skills as a high-altitude mountaineer, researcher and mountain safety advocate.  

Fergus’s goals for the trip were:

• Engage with the community: Chat with climbers and backpackers about their experiences and perceptions of altitude.
• Observe behaviour: Analyse decision-making, prophylactic use, and safety practices in high-altitude environments.
• Push personal limits: Climb 5,000 m and 6,000 m peaks to experience extreme physiological stress firsthand.
• Track data: Monitor physiological metrics, including body weight, heart rate (HR), and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) trends.
• Advocate for safety: Raise awareness for Para-Monte and the critical need for evidence-based altitude education.

Trip Overview:

Pre-Departure Preparations

Before leaving for Peru, I made the sensible decision to visit James Barberat the Altitude Centre in London, where they provide altitude education, training, and pre-acclimatisation to individuals travelling to high altitude. During my visit, the fantastic staff there were able to test my body’s response to hypoxia, provide recommendations on acclimatisation and allow me to take part in analtitude training session to kickstart the acclimatisation process as well as give me confidence for the trip ahead. I strongly recommend visiting the altitude centre before any trip to high altitude to speak with specialist and experienced staff.

PeruWeek 1-2: Hiking and Trekking

My first destination was the mountain town of Huaraz at an altitude at3,000 m. As this altitude was well above the minimum height for AMS, I spent the first 2 days relaxing and exploring the town, being careful not to overexert myself and keeping an eye out for any sign of Acute Mountain Sickness symptoms. Followinga few days, I went on a short acclimatisation hike up to 3,700 m, and as this went well without AMS symptoms, I decided it was safe to progress higher. The next few days were spent enjoying hikes between 4,000-4,500 m high, with breathtaking views of snowy peaks and crystal-clear glacial lakes. During this time, I encountered many hikers with mild AMS, most of whom had pushed too high, too fast –typical risk factors for AMS. This was likely due a complete lack of acclimatisation knowledge or tight travel schedules that forced rapid ascents, thus reinforcing the need for pre-travel altitude education.

After a week of hiking, I signed up to the famous Santa Cruz trek, a four-day adventure through some of the most dramatic scenery in Peru. I found myself in a group of 10 international trekkers, a local guide and a cook. This gave me a perfect opportunity to focus the group on the subject of altitude and get a better understanding of what the typical backpacker does and does not know, about altitude safety. On day three however, there was a dramatic turn of events, after sleeping at 4,200 m I awoke feeling very unwell with AMS symptoms. As I was well acclimatized, it was difficult to determine if I was experiencing altitude sickness or an infection, such as food poisoning or a virus. Sensibly, I assumed it was altitude sickness and descended, aware that if I didn’t it could be disastrous. The following day the trek finished and we returned to Huaraz at 3,000 m,where the symptoms persisted for another 48 hours, and so unfortunately what felt like AMS, was more of a sickness bug. An interesting observation during the trek was that several members of the group were reluctant to admit they had AMS symptoms or that they were struggling.

This was particularly prevalent among the male members of the group and made me consider whether a fear of appearing weak or unfit might still be a barrier to catching AMS early among backpackers in SouthAmerica. This is a further reason why it’s so important for the charity and fellow hikers to advocate for safety and prior understanding of the risks and dangers to travelling at altitude.  

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Peru Week 3-4: Climbing 5,000 m and 6,000 m Peaks

After 2 weeks in Peru, I was acclimatised enough to begin tackling some 5,000 m peaks. I started by climbing Mateo peak at 5,150 m, a one day climb that only takes ~8 hours to complete, yet, despite the steep terrain I coped with the altitude well, with no AMS symptoms to speak of. The views from the top were breathtaking and I took the opportunity to get agreat picture with the Para-Monte flag. Following the success of the climb, I opted to take on a much bigger mountain and signed up to climb Vallunarajuat 5,686 m. This began with a short, tough hike to basecamp (4,900 m) just below the snow line. At this height, I felt the extreme effects of altitude on sleep quality and overall health.I slept in 20 min bouts endlessly waking in the night gasping for air –an unfortunate and typical symptom of high-altitude exposure. Despite this, I woke at 12.45 am with no AMS symptoms and felt ready to take on the summit. Headtorches on, we began our winding journey up the glacier. As we approached the summit, the terrain grew more challenging with a steepening incline. Before tackling the summit ridge we took a break, only to realise our water bottles were frozen solid – a key reminder of the elevation profile and extreme conditions of not just the altitude exposure, but cold stress too. In the knowledge that sunrise was minutes away, we struggled on, gulping down air and aching for the sun to thaw our bodies and water bottles. Summit reached, we cheered and celebrated as we watched the most magnificent sunrise. Although I was desperately out of breath, I did not experience any symptoms of AMS, so we opted to enjoy the summitand sunshine before descending to the valley to rest.    

Since I had dealt with the altitude well and felt acclimatised to the higher conditions, I decided to try a 6,000 m peak as my finalobjective of the trip. I traveled to Arequipa at 2,335 m, home of the great volcanoes of Peru. Here you can find Chachani 6,057 m, often touted as the “easiest6,000 m peak in the World”. After arriving I signed up to an expedition to climb it and we setoff in 4x4’s which took us up to 5,000 m, where the 2-day climbbegins. A short hike led us to the basecamp at 5,250 m, where we setup camp and had a group dinner. It was not long before some members of the group began to show signs of altitude sickness, many struggled to eat their dinner - displaying the classic AMS symptom of loss of appetite. Following dinner, the guides gave an excellent briefing about altitude sickness and how we were unlikely to sleep well that night, they helped the group to understand that poor sleep was normal and not to worry, they explained that if anybody gets altitude sickness they can be taken down. This was excellent, as it removed the worry and expectation over sleeping at such a high elevation,which would only make matters worse and provided the guarantee that descent was possible for anybody that needed too, a welcome reassurance for those in the group who were already feeling unwell.

We woke at 12.30 am for breakfast, 4 of the 14 members of the group hadaltitude sickness, and it was decided they would not attempt theclimb – a very sensible and informed-decision. We set off at 1 am and slowly but surely snaked our way up the mountain. At 5,800 m the cold began to be a real problem again with people struggling to keep hands and feet warm. Knowing the sunrise was our only salvation we pushed on. At 6,000 m, I began to struggle with altitude, I had no AMS symptoms, but I was findingit difficult to catch my breath. Only metres below the summit, I had to stop and spend several minutes catching my breath. After 10 minutes my body settled and I tackled the final incline. At 6.28am I reached the summit, almost too tired to celebrate, I embraced the other team members and took in the remarkable view. Immensely proud of my achievement and pushed to my limit, we descended themountain to get some well-earned rest.

What I Learned:

• Altitude knowledge still very poor among the backpacker community,
• The prevalence of food poisoning, viruses and other mild illnesses among backpackers makes identifying AMS symptoms difficult,
• Altitude medication knowledge is very poor; many people were taking medication incorrectly or having wrongly held beliefs about the medication’s effects,
• Many people wrongly believed that coca leaf tea, ibuprofen and other substances prevent or treat altitude sickness and were not aware they can mask symptoms,
• People returning to altitude after a break at sea level were particularly susceptible to AMS, as they wrongly believed they were still fully acclimatised,
• A fear of appearing weak or unfit seemed to prevent some individuals from being honest about AMS symptoms or asking to slow down when they were struggling with the pace,
• The use of artifical intelligence (AI) and chat bots now appear to be the main source of altitude information among backpackers,
• Smart watches are increasingly being used as a proxy indicator by backpackers for how they are coping with the altitude.

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TopTips for Traveling to Peru:

• Visit lower altitude regions like Arequipa (2,335 m) first before traveling to higher destinations like Cusco (3,400 m) and Huaraz (3,000 m),
• If traveling straight to Cusco or Huaraz, consider preventative options (such as medication) prior to arriving, but you must consult a doctor to ensure you take it correctly,
• If traveling to Cusco or Huaraz, ensure you don’t overexert yourself for the first 1-2 days, to give time to adjust to the altitude,
• Avoid alcohol, particularly during your first few days at altitude, it will not only intensify the effects of altitude, but the hangover will also make it difficult to detect AMS the following day,
• Go slow when hiking and do not feel pressure to speed up from more acclimatised members of the group,
• If taking a break at sea level, remember that you may not be as acclimatised as you were before,
• Be cautious of local products (such as coca-leaf) and remember alternate preventative products may mask the symptoms of AMS and do not prevent it.
• Take longer than recommended to acclimatise for high altitude travel, as you will enjoy it a lot more

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How to Prepare:

• Consider visiting The Altitude Centre (or other specialist facility) for advice, testing and pre-acclimatisation preparation,  
• Consider speaking to your doctor about medication and how to take it correctly
• Improve your physical condition and fitness level for the day-to-day hiking, but remember THIS DOES NOT PROTECT YOU FROM ALTITIUDE SICKNESS,
• Look at the altitude elevations of your itinerary and try to ensure you are arriving in the lower destination first, for example Arequipa (2,350 m) before Cusco (3,400 m),
• Familiarise yourself with the symptoms of altitude sickness and stay vigilant for them during the first few days.

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What to Bring:

• Warm clothing, temperature swings are very great at altitude,
• Sun hat, lip balm and 50+ SPF suncream, as conditions and UV are very harsh at altitude,
• Tavel medical kit with medication for upset stomach, blisters, wounds, nausea etc,
• Warm sleeping bag if trekking (at least -10°C), which are much better than rented bags,
• Trekking poles for long descents and to steady you, should you develop AMS symptoms,
• Purifying water bottle, saves money on bottled water and can be used in emergencies,
• Purchase an electronic sim card (E-sim) as this makes life a lot easier on the ground to organize trips, makes long bus journeys less boring and helps in emergencies if needed,
• Buff, protects your lungs from the extremely dry air found at high altitude by moistening the air as you breath it in, it also protects your face from the harsh wind and cold,
• Category 3 sunglasses for trekking or if going on glaciers category 4 sunglasses are essential to protect from the extreme UV.

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We like to thank Fergus for his comprehensive detailed blog, which is extrmemly helpful to future travellers.

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Fergus you have done yourself and Para-Monte proud!

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